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美国消费者抢购汽车,零售销售月率创两年来最大增幅!
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04-17 05:03
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美国零售数据爆出“抢购潮”!消费者抢在关税生效前疯狂购车,经济衰退阴云下消费狂欢能持续多久?
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美国商务部周三公布的数据显示,3月零售销售额(未经通胀调整)环比增长1.4%,创下两年多来最大涨幅。其中汽车销售额飙升2.1%,反映消费者正抢在特朗普政府对成品车征收25%关税前突击消费。该关税及汽车零部件关税最迟将于5月3日生效,预计将使车价上涨数千美元,不过特朗普政府正在考虑临时豁免政策。

除汽车外,其他商品销售也普遍增长,13个类别中有11个实现上涨。建筑材料、体育用品和电子产品销售额同步攀升。作为GDP商品支出计算基准的“控制组”销售额3月增长0.4%,显示一季度末消费势头强劲。

然而数据背后暗藏隐忧:多项消费者信心调查显示,随着关税政策推进,通胀预期指标飙升,美国人对自身财务状况的评价跌至低谷。低收入群体已面临生活压力,而富裕阶层则受到近期股市抛售冲击这为消费前景蒙上阴影,加剧经济衰退担忧

尽管进口商是关税的直接支付方,但他们最终会将至少部分成本转嫁给消费者——即使这种转嫁可能需要数月时间。由于零售数据未经通胀调整,未来关税可能导致数据失真,销售额增长可能仅反映价格上涨而非实际消费活动增加。

福特汽车和沃尔玛等企业正试图通过承担部分额外成本来缓解消费者压力,但这将侵蚀企业利润。从奢侈品集团LVMH到啤酒商星座品牌,企业高管普遍对前景持悲观态度,担忧消费者可能出现的抵触反应

美联储官员目前处于观望状态,等待更清晰地评估关税对物价及整体经济的影响。部分政策制定者认为关税仅会造成一次性价格冲击,另一些人则警告影响可能更为深远。值得关注的是,报告中唯一的服务业类别——餐饮酒吧消费增长1.8%,同样创下2023年1月以来最大涨幅。

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